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1.1.1.37: malate dehydrogenase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about malate dehydrogenase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 1.1.1.37

Reaction

(S)-malate
+
NAD+
=
oxaloacetate
 +
NADH
 +
H+

Synonyms

(R)-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, (S)-malate dehydrogenase, A8B73_11505, CaMDH, cMDH, cMDH -S, cMDH-L, cyMDH, cyMDH1, cyMDH2, cyMDH3, cytMDH, cytMDH1, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase 1, cytosolic MDH, cytosolic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, flo16, floury endosperm16, halophilic malate dehydrogenase, HmMalDH, L-malate dehydrogenase, L-malate dehydrogenases, L-malate-NAD oxidoreductase, L-malate-NAD-oxidoreductase, L-malate: NAD oxidoreductase, L-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, L-malate:NAD oxidoreductase, L-malate:NAD-oxidoreductase, L-MDH, LDH-like malate dehydrogenase, ldh0076, LEUM_0076, m-MDH, malate (NAD) dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (NAD), malate dehydrogenase 1, malate dehydrogenase 2, malate: NAD oxidoreductase, MalDH, malic acid dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, mbNAD-MDH, MDH, MDH A, MDH B1, MDH B2, Mdh1, MDH2, Mdh2a, Mdh2b, Mdh3, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial MDH, mMDH, mNAD-MDH, More, NAD+ malate dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent malate dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent MDH, NAD+-MDH enzymes, NAD-dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent MalDH, NAD-dependent malic dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent MDH, NAD-L-malate dehydrogenase, NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase, NAD-malate dehydrogenase, NAD-malic dehydrogenase, NAD-MDH, NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase, NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase, Pcal_1699, pdNAD-MDH, peroxisomal malate dehydrogenase, peroxisomal NAD+-malate dehydrogenase 1, peroxisomal NAD+-malate dehydrogenase 2, plastid-localized NAD-dependent MDH, plastidial NAD+-dependent malate dehydrogenase, plastidial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, plastidial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase 1, plNAD-MDH, PMDH, PMDH1, PMDH2, regulatory subunit of nucleic acid-conducting channel, s-MDH, SrMalDH, TaMDH, VEG69, Vegetative protein 69, YlMdh2p, [LDH-like] MDH

ECTree

     1 Oxidoreductases
         1.1 Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
             1.1.1 With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
                1.1.1.37 malate dehydrogenase

General Stability

General Stability on EC 1.1.1.37 - malate dehydrogenase

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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
addition of NAD+, NADH or oxaloacetate stabilizes the enzyme
-
at 10 mM MgCl2, residual activity after 24 h in H2O is less than 20% at 4°C, whereas in D2O the protein is stable with 100% residual activity
-
at 4°C, the protein at pH 7.0 is stable between 0.5 M and 0.9 M MgCl2. At pH 8.0, it is stable between 0.05 M and 1.2 M MgCl2
-
both Mg2+ and NADH stabilizes the 127000 Da MW form
-
Ca2+, Mg2+, Li+, NH4+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ stabilize the enzyme in order of decreasing efficiency
-
completely stable in absence of salt
fast dynamics of the enzyme is measured by neutron scattering under various solvent conditions influencing protein stability
-
in KCl at 25°C, 50% residual activity is observed after 24 h for mutant enzyme E243R in 2.3 M salt, compared to 1.3 M salt for wild-type enzyme. In KCl at 4°C, the mutant shows 50% stability in 1.1 M salt
mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase is very unstable
-
only stable in highly concentrated solutions of certain salts
-
protein-solvent interactions modulate through different mechanisms protein stabilization at high salt
-
remarkably resistant to urea and SDS
-
reverse micelles of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in cyclohexane with 1-butanol as co-surfactant provide a microenvironment that allows a much greater stability of the enzyme compared with an aqueous medium. The half-life of the enzyme dissolved in buffer with 1 M NaCl is 12-50 days in reverse micelles (depending on the various conditions), in contrast to only about 1 day in aqueous medium at 25°C.
-
stability increases with increasing salt concentration, and when D2O replaces H2O. Below 10°C, it is stable in approximately 0.1 M NaCl/2H2O
-
the enzymatic activity of MDHCs is stable even after absorption onto a PVDF membrane
-
the enzyme is more stable at 1 M that at 0.5 M NaCl
-
the enzyme is sensitive to H2O2 stress. The impact of H2O2 on enzyme activities is probably due to posttranslational modifications
the enzyme is sensitive to proteolytic attack
-